TREAT News
DRY SEASON JULY TO SEPTEMBER 2024
IN THIS ISSUE (Items are included in TREAT News for their interest to members and do not necessarily express TREAT's views)
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Reinhold & Petra's Revegetation
Field Day at Ault Road 9.30 am Saturday 17 August
See Reinhold and Petra’s article below. Ault Road is off Old Boonjie Road which is off Topaz Road close to its junction with Glen Allyn Road.
For this field day, please car pool as much as possible. There is room for only 5 vehicles to park and turn around at the house area (entry is at RN 193 Ault Rd through the regrowth patch of forest there and up to the house). At the cottage at RN 177 Ault Road there is also room for a few parking places. The field day will start at the house at 9.30am, but tea and coffee will be available then, to allow time for people to be ferried in from Ault Road as necessary.
After morning tea, Reinhold and Petra will lead us through their 2020 - 2022 plantings up to this and last year’s plantings. The growth of some of the plantings in this high rainfall area is amazing. Please wear suitable footwear for walking. The tracks are wide. We’ll aim to be back at the house about 11.30 am for people to leave.
Because of the logistics of parking, could people please let us know if they’re intending to come.
Please ring Barbara Lanskey on 4091 4468.
Annual General Meeting 7 pm Friday 6 September
TREAT’s 42nd Annual General Meeting will be held on Friday 6th September at the Yungaburra Community Hall commencing at 7pm. Annual reports by the President and Treasurer, and the Nursery Manager, will be followed by the election of TREAT office bearers for the next year. Members are reminded that they must be financial when voting for the new committee. Subscriptions will be accepted at the AGM. Following the AGM, a General Meeting is held at which members can raise any issues.
Our guest speaker for the evening will be Keith Smith who will talk about Private Protected Areas: what’s new in our region? Keith is the Senior Program Officer with the Private Protected Areas Program of QPWS. See Keith’s article below.
The evening concludes with a supper, and plate food contributions are appreciated. Everyone is welcome to attend the evening.
Reinhold and Petra’s Revegetation
We bought our property bordering Wooroonooran NP in 2004. Back then, only one third of the property had some remnant and regrowth forest vegetation on it; the majority of the 82 hectares was pasture for cattle grazing.
We started our revegetation efforts by clearing and revegetating large areas of lantana and wild tobacco along our two creeks and have been planting trees ever since. From more modest beginnings, we have been reforesting one hectare per year since our retirement in 2015. TREAT helped with a planting here in March 2017.
We run our own nursery from locally sourced fruit/seeds which grows (with occasional helpful supplements of surplus seeds and seedlings from the QPWS nursery) the approximately 5,000 trees necessary for each year’s planting.
We still run a substantially reduced herd of some 15 cattle to help us keep the invasive weeds such as wild tobacco, brambles and lantana out of the paddocks not yet planted.
Most of our property was cleared in 1994 and in these areas, canopy closure is achieved in 3 years (we plant with 1.2 m spacing i.e. about 4500 trees per hectare). However, on 3 hectares cleared in the 1950s, the trees planted there in 2015 - 2017 still struggle, and despite ongoing infill planting, canopy closure seems difficult to achieve and ongoing maintenance is necessary.
Despite initial concerns about using sprays, we found (as everybody told us) we could not achieve the scale of revegetation wanted, without sprays. So, each new planting area is now treated 2-3 times prior to the planting season with Glyphosphate. When the wet season arrives, the grass is mostly decomposed and augering holes for planting is fairly straightforward. However, if wet weather interrupts the spraying, substantial chipping is necessary prior to augering.
Planting is usually wet and fun and often supported by some friends including TREAT members. The following maintenance however, is by far our biggest component. We usually spray Haloxyfop to keep the re-emerging grass down for 1-2 years, while we dig larger invasive weeds such as wild tobacco, lantana and brambles out by hand. We additionally infill plant where necessary.
Thus, our current schedule sees us having at any time, 3 hectares under manual maintenance. Adding to that, running the nursery, moving fences and site preparation for the following year’s planting, and the still ongoing maintenance of the earlier cleared 2015 - 2017 revegetation areas, keeps us pretty busy.
Private Protected Areas: what’s new in our region? Keith Smith
(Senior Program Officer, Private Protected Areas Program QPWS & Partnerships, Department of Environment, Science and Innovation)
8.6% of Queensland’s mainland is protected under various types of protected area: 5.6% under public protected areas (including National Parks) and 3% under private protected areas. A further 1.8% of Qld is under some form of state-owned forestry reserve (e.g. State Forests).
Private Protected Areas account for 1/3rd of Qld’s protected area network. Private protected areas are mainly Nature Refuges (NRs). There are 576 nature refuges in Qld totalling 4.94 million ha. Tablelands Shire (TRC) has 57 nature refuges totalling 62,960ha. (10% by number and just over 1% by area of Qld’s NRs.) ​
Nature refuges across Queensland (dots)
TRC Nature Refuges (lighter dots)
On the Atherton Tablelands we are punching above our weight for nature refuges. 4 of our larger local nature refuges, including Bush Heritage Australia’s Yourka Reserve Nature Refuge, total 60,560ha. The other 53 local nature refuges total 2,400ha. People may be more familiar with many of these smaller ones from the signage along our local roads. Many of TREAT’s members are nature refuge landowners. Our newest local nature refuges include Moon Beams NR, Turangawaewae NR, Wonarro Creek NR and Coopooroo Creek NR. Dendrolagus NR and Graham’s Park NR are soon to be declared, with several more proposals under assessment. Typically, these nature refuges adjoin existing national parks, buffering and extending their conservation values. Many, like South Endeavour Trust’s 6 local nature refuges, restore and protect wildlife corridors connecting national parks. Nature Refuges form a critical part of any protected area network.
The other type of private protected area is called a Special Wildlife Reserve. These are essentially private national parks. They are relatively new (since 2019) and to date, there are only 2 in Qld, totalling 64,390ha -- Pullen Pullen Reserve and Edgbaston Reserve; both are owned by Bush Heritage Australia (BHA) and lie in south-west Qld. Special Wildlife Reserves must meet certain exceptional values criteria and substantially contribute to the comprehensive and adequate representation of Qld’s natural ecosystems and threatened species habitat. Owners also need to demonstrate their capacity to appropriately manage their SWR in perpetuity under an agreed detailed management, monitoring and reporting program. It is expected that only the larger nature conservancies, like BHA, will be able to meet those requirements.
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There are other options for protecting privately owned areas of conservation significance including:
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Voluntary Declarations under Qld’s Vegetation Management Act (typically for non-remnant regrowth and revegetated areas)
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Land for Wildlife (no longer an option in north Qld. Typically supported by Shire Councils in south-east Qld)
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Wildlife Land Trust (Humane Society International)
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Statutory Conservation Covenants are able to be entered into with Shire Councils, but very few Councils offer this option. Most covenants in this local area arose from development approvals and associated environmental protection requirements by Councils at that time.
Restoration on a Cinder Cone: A Syntropic Story -
Sheila Hulseman, Madelyn Radtke, Eleanor Buchanan, EJ Holm, Andrew Kim and Sigrid Heise-Pavlov
​​Over the years, TREAT has been a source of knowledge on restoration methods and experiences in restoration practices for students and staff of the Centre for Rainforest Studies (CRS) at the School for Field Studies (SFS). Through their partnership with TREAT, students have learnt about the history of local reforestation efforts as well as standard planting procedures. In 2022, CRS-SFS was approached by landowners requesting assistance in the restoration of Mabi rainforest on a cinder cone on their property. This provided CRS-SFS with opportunities to do intensive research on Mabi restoration on this cinder cone volcano, which lies between Curtain Fig National Park and Wongabel State Forest. The Wet 2024 Directed Research group of students took inspiration from previous student groups and TREAT to commence restoring Mabi rainforest on a first plot of the cinder cone. This first planting required overcoming some major challenges.
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The first challenge arose due to the landowners’ request to not use herbicides as a means of weed removal. This required countless weeks of cutting grass at our first 60m x 32m planting plot since the start of the semester in February, as the grass had grown immensely after the plot was isolated from the surrounding cattle paddock by an electric fence that was installed by students in November 2023.
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Our second challenge was the steep slopes of the cinder cone which measured around 45 degrees in incline in parts. The steep angle results in a plot of land prone to water runoff and soil erosion. In order to combat this issue, we decided to add a syntropic element to the typical TREAT method of planting. Syntropic farming is a type of regenerative agroforestry developed by farmer and ecologist Ernst Gostch (Götsch, 2018). It centres around mimicking natural forests in structure and function, out-competing grassy weeds while maximising ground cover and water retention with taller, shade-giving plants. After speaking to syntropic farmer Jane Hawes, we learned that banana plants are a perfect companion plan. They grow fast to provide shade for shade-tolerant species, retain moisture in the air from the early canopy, and hold water in their leaves and trunks—which can be later pruned to create ground cover and natural fertiliser. To test the effect of incorporating syntropic principles into the restoration, we set up eight 11m x 11m subplots within our first planting plot, with banana plants between the native seedlings in four of the eight subplots and four control subplots without interspersed banana plants. The subplots were arranged to reduce bias from placement on the cinder cone (see Figures 1 and 2).
Figure 1 Subplots without and with banana plants
In each of the eight subplots, holes for native seedlings were placed 1.57m apart, creating a 6x6 grid. Dead grass and roots had to be removed from the drill spots using hoes, to allow digging holes with an auger. This was another challenge for staff and students of CRS-SFS and we were glad that Peter Snodgrass came to teach us how to do all that (see Figure 3). The preparation days were difficult for all of us. This wet season was very wet and dumped a lot of rain on us. We spent many days wishing for sunshine but be careful what you wish for. The sun was on full display on the day we had to dig 388 holes (288 native seedlings, 100 banana seedlings) and we felt the heat!
Figure 2 Arrangement of subplots within the first planting plot on the cinder cone
Figure 3 Staff digging holes with the auger while students in the background clear the ground for the drilling using garden hoes
On the morning of April 9th, we picked up banana plants from Neil and Jane’s syntropic permaculture farm, Petals in the Park, on the Atherton Tablelands. Digging out banana saplings was an interesting task. Large banana trees had many saplings around them that we dug up and cut the tops off. Then we were told something that surprised us: banana saplings are best planted upside down! When placed upside down, they grow like a hook before appearing above the ground. This method improves root stability, which is especially important when planting at a windy site (and our cinder cone is indeed windy!). With 100 banana saplings on board, we drove to the cinder cone to complete the hole drilling. After that we picked up the native seedlings (288 in total) from the Lake Eacham nursery, free of charge from TREAT/QPWS for the landowners. That was an amazing moment! Staff and volunteers at the Lake Eacham nursery had prepared the seedlings and gave us advice on how to prepare them overnight for their ‘birthday’ the next day.
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Overnight we placed the native seedlings in containers halfway full of water, submerging the seedlings and allowing them to soak up as much water as possible. We then made water crystals to be placed in each planting hole, once again following TREAT’s usual planting method. Several grams of crystals had to be mixed with water, allowing them to soak up the water and turn into a type of jelly.
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Before we knew it, planting day had arrived! We transported the 288 native seedlings, 100 banana saplings, buckets with water crystals and 25 kg of fertiliser to the cinder cone, and distributed everything to the previously created planting holes. Later that morning, more SFS students arrived to plant the seedlings into the holes where we had already placed the water crystals and fertiliser. The banana saplings were planted upside down between the native seedlings. Thanks to all our lovely staff and student volunteers, we were all done by 12.30 pm on the 10th of April (Figure 4).​​
We will be heading into the dry season soon. Students of the next courses and semesters will ensure the seedlings’ survival by continuing weeding and watering the plants. An effective irrigation system will be set up with the help of the landowners, QPWS and further funding for this project. And, of course, future students will monitor the growth of seedlings to compare their growth in subplots with and without the banana plants. For this purpose, we have measured every seedling we planted on the 10th of April 2024. Each plot has the same seedling species (9 species in total) with four stems of each species, making that comparison possible. We also took surveys of ants and dung beetles as well as soil samples to provide baseline data to monitor changes of these attributes while the native forest slowly establishes. ​
Thank you to everyone at TREAT and QPWS who helped make this project possible!
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Götsch, E. (2018) Differences between organic and syntropic farming - Agenda Gotsch. Available at https://agendagotsch.com/en/diferencas-entre-a-agricultura-sintropica-e-organica-2/
Introducing a new weed -- it's this easy - John Clarkson
Several years ago when I was attempting to establish a new garden in Mareeba I took some cuttings of a plant from the gardens at work. Lots of you have probably done the same thing — with or without the gardener’s blessing. One of the plants I took home was Centratherum punctatum subsp. punctatum a daisy with blue/purple flowers in heads a bit like a small Scotch thistle. The leaves are slightly sticky and have a strong aromatic smell when crushed. The plant is sometimes called Lark Daisy and is a native of tropical America. I had not seen any reference to the plant as a weed and nothing about the plant suggested it might be weedy.
The plant grew well where I planted it and looked quite attractive for a while. It grew so well, in fact, that it started to overgrow other plants in the bed so I decided to remove it and plant it elsewhere. That is when the alarm bells started to ring. Seedlings started appearing in profusion where I had removed the initial plant. They even started coming up in a dense lawn beside the garden bed. It took a long time to exhaust the soil seed bank and only replanting the bed with some dense perennials stopped the germination. That was not the end of the problem. Seedlings started appearing elsewhere in the garden anywhere water
Lark Daisy flower
had flowed from the original bed. Plants turned up over 100m from the original planting and very close to a small channel-fed creek which flows near the bottom of the garden. I tried to ensure that all seedlings were removed before they flowered and set seed but when we eventually sold the property plants were still appearing. I had tried to do what I could to clean up the mess that I inadvertently caused but obviously failed. As far as weeds are concerned a penny spent is a pound saved. We would all do well to remember this.
Gmelina fasciculiflora (White Beech) Family Lamiaceae - Dinah Hansman
Until you see the flowers it’s hard to believe that this giant, buttressed timber tree belongs to the mint family (Lamiaceae) but the showy white and blue or lilac flowers are shaped exactly the same as those on your mint or basil bush, albeit a lot larger. Also, like other members of the mint family, its stems are square in cross-section.
Aside from the attractive flowers, G. fasciculiflora grows into a nicely shaped tree, and its fruits are spectacular. They ripen from white and green to a vivid purple and are 10 – 20 mm diameter. On the Tablelands, fruit ripens from January to March. Fruit are eaten by fruit doves and cassowaries.
Fruit can be collected from the ground but propagating Gmelina can be a bit frustrating. Firstly, removing the thin layer of flesh from the woody stone (endocarp) leaves your fingers stained a nicotine brown. Seed germinates sporadically, taking anywhere from 42 to 168 days, so trays of seeds take up nursery space and seedlings have to be potted up as they germinate. At TREAT we have had more success with germination when seed is planted immediately after collection.
Gmelina fasciculiflora is endemic to north-east Queensland and occurs from sea level to 800 m. It prefers moist sites and trees can be semi-deciduous. TREAT has collected seed from Regional Ecosystems 7.8.2, 7.8.3 and 7.8.4.
Related species Gmelina dalrympleana occurs at lower altitude and in swampy habitats on Cape York Peninsula and in north-east Queensand. Gmelina leichhardtii has a more southerly distribution, occurring from just south of Townsville to Nowra in NSW. Murphy et al. (2020) recommend drying out stones and then sowing the following summer.
Gmelina has a very durable timber. In the past it was used for house stumps and fence posts, being highly resistant to decay with in-ground contact or in persistently damp situations.
Wood turners like it because it is easy to work and cut in any direction, with a fine grain good for carving and a soft, almost soapy feel.
Murphy, M, McAlpin, S, Nelson, P & Chapman, M (2020) Australian Rainforest Seeds: A Guide to Collecting. Processing and Propagation. CSIRO.
G. fasciculiflora flowers photo Tatters
G. fasciculiflora flowers
G. fasciculiflora fruit © D Hansman
Germinating G. fasciculiflora © D Hansman
Rainforest Connections Conference - Kylie Freebody
In early June, over 300 delegates gathered in Ballina, New South Wales, to discuss the restoration, rehabilitation and management of Australia’s rainforests. Participants came from a wide range of backgrounds including on-ground practitioners, community members, scientists and program managers. The conference was presented by the NSW Government, through the Saving our Species program and the Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water.
The Wet Tropics region was well represented with talks provided by Mamu, Rainforest Rescue, the Wet Tropics Management Authority, Jabalbina and the Restoration Alliance. Presentations over the two days covered a diverse range of subjects including the origins and assembly of Australian rainforests, Myrtle Rust, Cape York rainforests, climate-driven floristic shifts in Gondwanan rainforests and conservation of rainforest fauna such as the Hip-pocket frog (Assa darlingtoni), the Southern pink underwing moth (Phyllodes imperialis subsp. smithersi) and a breeding program for the Kroombit tinkerfrog (Taudactylus pleione).
Of particular interest were talks about dormancy of some rainforest plant species (particularly members of the Rubiaceae family), storage of rainforest seeds and a publication produced by the Brunswick Valley Landcare called Climate Resilient Landscapes - a planting guide for the Northern Rivers Region. The guide provides detailed species information for drought resistant, fire retardant, flood tolerant and habitat plantings. This is available digitally at: www.brunswickvalleylandcare.org.au.
For full details including the 2024 program, visit the Rainforest Connections website: https://rainforestconnections.com.au/.
School Visit to Nursery - Bindi McGill
In May, a group of Year 3 students from Malanda State School visited TREAT as part of their HASS (History and Social Studies) and Science units. The students went to the Display Centre first and learnt about how TREAT started and why TREAT is important to our community. Then the students enjoyed several different activities in the nursery, including learning how to pot up seedlings, weeding pots, and collecting seeds. They all loved smashing open the Black Bean pods to collect the seeds and were surprised to find one that had seven seeds inside!
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JW – I learnt that weeding is very important because weeds in one pot can spread to other pots and plants won’t grow properly because the weeds are taking all the nutrients. The best part of the visit was cracking open the Black Bean pods and learning how to plant the seedlings.
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AS – I did not know that you had to put rocks on the soil when you plant the seeds. (Ed. A reference to volcanic scoria added to seed trays.) My favourite part of the day was breaking the seed pods open.
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LW – I learnt that TREAT stands for Trees for the Evelyn and Atherton Tablelands and that TREAT is important because if we don’t have trees we won’t have fresh air, and animals won’t have homes or food. My favourite part of the day was smashing open the seeds.
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A huge thank you to Barbara, Peter, Julia and the other volunteers who assisted on the day. The students had a great time and were very keen to take their Syzygyium seedlings home to plant.
Peter Snodgrass and students at the display centre
Greenlife Industry at TREAT - Dinah Hansman
On Friday 19 July, Barry (Baz) Naylor from Greenlife Industry gave a short presentation at the nursery to interested TREATers. Greenlife Industry (https://www.greenlifeindustry.com.au) is the national body that supports the plant production industries in Australia. Formerly the nursery association, it is funded by a levy on sales of plant stock. The levy funds research, education programs and extension officers such as Barry. The website https://nurseryproductionfms.com.au has a wealth of technical information about topics such as growing media, waste management, irrigation & water that would be useful for anyone needing to grow their own plants for large-scale revegetation projects.
Barry showed us the pest id tool (typing pestid into google takes you there). Once you have registered (remember to check your junk mail if the registration email hasn’t come through) you can access the tool to learn more about critters in the nursery. As Barry explained, this tool is very useful for finding out which insects are native, and also which insects are beneficial. For example, the last instar of the mealy bug destroyer, a species of lady bug, superficially looks like a mealy bug. However, as its name says, it eats mealy bugs and scale insects, so it isn’t a good idea to squish them.
Barry explained that, if you are going to use pesticides (or herbicides or fungicides) it is important to read the label, follow the directions (eg agitation is needed for ‘Slasher’) and to use pesticides with a different number on the label for each treatment to avoid resistance developing. The site has information on bio pesticides, for example ‘Sero-X’ which was developed from the blue pea (Clitoria ternatea).
Barry highlighted that we need to be aware of minor use permits (https://nurseryproductionfms.com.au/apps-mup-search), because chemicals are only registered for use on certain plants and in certain situations.
NURSERY NEWS - Peter Snodgrass
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The planting season of 2024 has been very busy with a further two community plantings on the Tablelands in the last quarter to add to the tally. TREAT supported and planted 1,500 trees on MacPherson’s property on Topaz Rd and helped plant another 2,000 at the Misty Mountains Nature Refuge at Millaa Millaa. A fantastic effort.
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The nursery had two young tableland men join us for work placement as part of their training with the Vocational Partnerships Group. The lads were wanting further experience in the Natural Resource Management field, and were inspired after a field trip hosted by Brian Weinert, QPWS Resource Ranger for the Tablelands, where they visited the Wongabel Conservation Area to look at the fire break plantings adjacent to the Kennedy Highway and discussed weed and feral animal control among other things. With their assistance we managed to plant 250 trees at the southern end of the site to complete the planting. They had a great time and enjoyed finishing the week working with TREAT in the nursery.
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The QPWS crew from Josephine Falls have finally been able to access Eubenangee Swamp to plant another 1,000+ trees to infill the 2023 site post flooding events. Feedback is that they are all doing well at this stage.
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The January 2024 planting at the Forty Mile Scrub National Park is performing very well. The area was fenced off to protect the trees from wallaby incursion, and so far it looks as though it has been very successful. Some positive signs for future landscape restoration ideas in the park.
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Nursery staff have refurbished a few racks in the hardening bays over the past few months with the new pipes and mesh generously provided by TREAT, replacing the sections that have rusted, caused by fertilisers in the potting mix and being constantly wet. Another contribution by TREAT was to replace the old heat blankets for the cutting box in the germination room. Funding for these was obtained via the Australia Post People of Post grant. Thank you again, TREAT.
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Winter weather started wet and warmish but delivered a cold snap just to remind us of what season we are in. Hopefully not too cold for our young trees that were planted earlier in the year.
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At this stage we’ve put another successful financial year behind us and welcome a new one. We are continuously working to improve facilities and working conditions for both staff and volunteers with this year being no exception. There is plenty in store to keep us busy in both the nursery and the field, and we look forward to seeing you in either or both locations. In the meantime, stay warm.
FRUIT COLLECTION DIARY April to June 2024
Species | Common Name | Regional Ecosystem | Collection Date |
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Ackama australiensis | Rose Alder | 7.8.1, 7.8.2, 7.8.4 | 1/05, 30/05/2024 |
Acronychia acidula | Lemon Aspen | 7.8.2, 7.8.4 | 24/04, 13/06/2024 |
Alphitonia petrei | White Ash | 7.8.4, 7.12.16 | 10/04, 13/06/2024 |
Alphitonia whitei | Northern Red Ash | 7.8.2, 7.12.16 | 6/06, 13/06/2024 |
Antidesma bunius | Herbert River Cherry | 7.8.2 | 8/5/2024 |
Atractocarpus fitzlanii | Yellow Mangosteen | 7.3.10, 7.8.2 | 30/05, 25/06/2024 |
Buckinghamia celcissima | Silky Oak | 7.8.3 | 6/6/2024 |
Castanospermum australe | Black Bean | 7.3.10, 7.8.3 | 2/05, 6/06/2024 |
Commersonia bartramia | Brown Kurrajong | 7.3.10 | 30/5/2024 |
Cryptocarya mackinnoniana | Mackinnon's Laurel | 7.8.2, 7.8.4 | 22/05, 30/05/2024 |
Cryptocarya onoprienkoana | Rose Walnut | 7.8.4 | 24/04, 16/05/2024 |
Eupomatia laurina | Native Guava | 7.8.2 | 8/5/2024 |
Ficus crassipes | Round Leaf Banana Fig | 7.3.36 | 13/6/2024 |
Ficus henneana | Superb Fig | 7.8.3 | 4/4/2024 |
Ficus destruens | Rusty Fig | 7.8.2 | 2/5/2024 |
Ficus watkinsiana | Watkin's Fig | 7.8.4 | 9/5/2024 |
Firmiana papuana | Lacewood | 7.8.3 | 18/4/2024 |
Halfordia kendack | Kerosenewood | 7.8.2 | 1/5/2024 |
Homalium circumpinnatum | Brown Boxwood | 7.8.3 | 4/4/2024 |
Mallotus paniculatus | Turn in the Wind | 7.12.1 | 30/5/2024 |
Melicope elleryana | Pink Evodia | 7.8.3, 7.8.4 | 17/04, 30/05/2024 |
Mischocarpus lachnocarpus | Woolly Pear Fruit | 7.8.4 | 14/5/2024 |
Neolitsea dealbata | White Bollywood | 7.8.4 | 10/4/2024 |
Phaleria clerodendron | Rosy Apple | 7.8.2 | 4/4/2024 |
Pleiogynium timoriense | Burdekin Plum | 9.8.3 | 12/6/2024 |
Schizomeria whiteii | White Birch | 7.8.2 | 8/5/2024 |
Strychnos psilosperma | Strychnine Bush | 9.8.3 | 12/6/2024 |
Syzygium canicortex | Yellow Satinash | 7.8.2, 7.8.3, 7.8.4 | 17/04, 14/05/2024 |
Syzygium graveolens | Watergum | 7.12.1 | 30/5/2024 |
Syzygium gustavioides | Watergum | 7.8.4 | 9/05, 30/05/2024 |
Zanthoxylum brachyacanthum | Thorny Yellowwood | 7.8.2 | 18/4/2024 |
Zanthoxylum ovalifolium | Thorny Yellowwood | 7.8.2 | 10/4/2024 |
Species and Common names taken from 'Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants Edition 8' online key: